Dementia risk may be linked to walking speed, study suggests

A slower walking pace may be a sign of cognitive decline or dementia, a new study suggests.

Researchers evaluated more than 16,800 healthy people over the age of 65 in the US and Australia over a seven-year period (2010-2017), according to the study published in JAMA Network Open.

The investigators measured the participants’ walking speed and performed cognitive tests every two years.

Those who demonstrated a decline in walking speed of at least 2 inches per second per year—along with slower cognitive ability – had a higher risk of dementia, compared to individuals who were considered to be “not declining, cognitive decline only, or gait decline only,” according to the report.

“The combination of memory decline and slowing of gait appears to be a stronger predictor of future dementia risk than decline in either of these things alone,” said Dr. Taya A. Collyer, PhD, who led the study from Monash University in Australia. Fox News Digital.

Family members often comment that their loved one had changed before a dementia diagnosis, according to Dr. Amy Brodtmann, a neurologist and professor of the Cognitive Health Initiative at Monash University in Australia.

“It’s long been assumed that a slowing down — of walking, thinking and acting — is a sign not just of aging, but of the development of cognitive impairment and dementia,” she told Fox News Digital.

‘Simple to Measure’

The researchers suggested that measuring walking speed could be a useful tool – combined with other screening measures – to help identify individuals who are at risk of developing dementia and ensure they receive early testing. and preventive interventions.

“We don’t yet have a definitive test for dementia that family doctors can do in their clinics,” noted Brodtmann, one of the study’s co-authors.

Walking speed is very “simple to measure,” Collyer added.

“Our study also suggests that family doctors can keep an eye on gait speed when they (or their patients) have dementia concerns,” she said.

The way a person walks, also known as gait pattern, can help signal a potential problem, according to Edward Farrell, a physical therapist and certified strength specialist at Physical Solutions Physical Therapy and Fitness in Long Island. , New York.

“Our gait pattern and speed require reflexive planning, surface adjustments, focus and attention, which are often impaired by cognitive disease,” Farrell, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.

Other risk factors

Courtney Kloske, PhD, director of scientific engagement for the Alzheimer’s Association in Chicago, Illinois, noted the importance of exploring other factors that may influence risk in different populations.

These risk factors include genetics, health conditions such as hypertension, health-related behaviors such as physical activity and diet, and environmental factors such as air pollution.

“While not all factors are modifiable, research shows that up to 45% of dementia cases can be delayed or prevented by adopting healthy lifestyle factors,” Kloske, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital, citing The Lancet Commission 2024. , a collaborative report by leading dementia experts.

According to Kloske, the study highlights the benefits of adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors early and consistently, including helping to prevent or delay the onset of cognitive decline.

She recommends following a healthy diet, maintaining a regular exercise routine, controlling diabetes and blood pressure, and staying socially engaged.

Step towards health

Working to improve your walking stride is also important for overall health, according to Farrell.

“The ability to maintain a more normal gait stimulates our systems, allowing for greater mobility, more independence and reduced risk of falling,” he told Fox News Digital.

Farrell recommends taking frequent walks at varying paces, with intervals at medium to faster speeds, to improve reflexes. Certain exercises also support gait speed and pattern, he noted.

“Regular strength training such as squats, step-ups, bridges and leg lifts can keep our core muscles strong as we age,” he advised.

“The stretch to support the hamstrings, hip flexors and calf muscles allows for more free range of motion to walk.”

Doing balance exercises like heel walking, single leg exercises and Tai Chi can also improve stability and confidence with walking, Farrell noted.

For those planning to start a walking program, it’s best to wear supportive sneakers that provide a stable base and smooth comfort, the expert added.

People who have challenges with balance and mobility may consider using an assistive device such as a cane to ensure safe and stable walking.

It’s important to consult a health care provider before starting an exercise regimen, experts agree.